Fastener



Dec. '17, 1935. I ROSENBERG Re. 19,792

FASTENER Ori inal Filed Dec. 22, 1923 Rea -cause. 11, 1935 This relatesto improvements in art whichare'alsowelladaptedforuseinconiuncv ,tionwith The object in-viewistheproductlon ofasimpleand,andyetvcryeffective,means of'anchorage or connection. A furtherobject is the'achieving of anchoragein'thehardermetalasuchassoftironsoft steel, by longitudinal stress deliveredtoafastener.asbyahammerblow,andtherecausing the fastener to beanchoredin the material of the metal work through modfrietionslengagementofafa'stenerwithsuch incident to modification of thematerial of "with this and further objects in view as willinparthereinafterbecome apparentandinpart be. the invention certainnovel constructions, combinations and arrangementsoverthesisesordinarilyemployedincommerce,

Iigures2,3.'4,5,and8areviewssim ilarto Figure 1 of, diiferent slightlymodified embodiment'sthe Figure? isa'transversesectiontakenonthe planeindicated by line '|I of Figure 3, and

looking downward.

Referring to the drawing by numerals, I indicaies a pin-like body havinga driving head 2 at one end and a pilot 3 forming the terminus of theother end of the body. Immediately above .the pilot, that is, in thedirection toward the head. the body is formed with outstanding annuiarribs 4, l, lying parallel to each other and at substantially rightangles to the longitudinal axis of the body. Between theribs I isanannular valley or depression I. and below the lower rib is 50 of avalley extending into'the'body I. Each of the ribs I has an inclinedunder face and a flat upper face so that the upper face lies in a singleplane intersecting the axis ofthe pin at right angles. u'lhus, each ribl is a relatively short cone mm with its base facing upwardor umRosenberg, New York. N. r.

ougmum. 1.91m, dated Serial No. sate-u. Deeembq' 22, 1923. Appiioa- I2:360:- l'eiasllc Harem her 0, 1935, Serial No.

. 15 Claims. (Cl. ss-zn iiicationof such material-as from invention,intermediate parts beingbroken out,andthepartsbeingseenonanexaggeratedscale the magnification beingutilised for clearness of an annular depression I forming that portionPATENT OFFICE October 28, 193 4,-

inthedirectiontowardthehammer-drivenend 'ofthefastener.

jury to the ribs. Reference herein and in the appended claims to thehardened condition of theribslistobeunderstoodtoincludethat degree ofhardness just mentioned, and to the end of providing this hardenedcondition. as a matter of facility and commercial practicability, thefastener is preferably formed of soft iron or soft steel and thencase-hardened as by the well cyaniding process. 15

In operation and in practicing'of the art-the fastener may be employedas a means of anchoragedirectlytoabodyofhardmetalsuchas steel or ironor-other hard flowable material. or

as a means of connection of one plateof such.

material to another, and in either instance an apertur'eorrecessisformed in the material to beengaged,therecessbeingofa crosssectionalarea equal toand slightly greater thanthe crosssectionofthebodyLbutnotequaltothediameter of one of the ribs I. and-inthe instance of arecess,suchrecessisformed ofadepthequal at least to thedistance to which the fastener istobedrivenin. Thepilotiisinsertedinsuchaperture or recess, and theheadlisdrlvemas by a hammer blow or otherrequisite stress, for

- moving the fastener into the recess or aperture and thereby causingthe material engaged to flow or move first sumciently away from the bodyI topermit the passage of a rib l. and then'to'flow back to a positionoverlapping such rib and to have a similar action with respect to thenext rib 4. An interlock is thus effected between the fastener and thematerial engaged which eifecw tively resists stress tending to withdrawthe fastener. It isto be noted that the valley I is of a depthsuflicient to cause its base to have a diameter less than the diameterof the body I, and it is also to be understood that reference todirection throughout this specification and the appended claims assumesthe fastener to be in nular ribs s of substantially the same form asribs I, except that the ribs i spring from the surface or periphery ofand the valley s Q between the ribs, therefore, does not extend withinthe body itself.

. In Figures 3 and 7 isillustrated a still further embodiment of thefastener in which the body I is substantially identical with the body Iof Figure 1, and is provided with ribs I I, II, with a valley I2therebetween, but in this instance the ribs are not'annular, but areinterrupted at a series a of places, as indicated at IS. The spaces orinterruptions -l3 between the segments of the otherwise annular ribs llenable portions of the engaged material to remain in place and forminterlocking longitudinal ribs with portions overlying the several endsof the several segments making up the ribs Ii.

Figure 4 shows a structure identical with the showing in Figure 2 exceptthat a greater number of annular ribs is employed. In this figure, the

body of the fastener is provided with the usual pilot l4 and from theupper end of the pilot l4 to the head ii of the body ofthepin-like'fastener is provided with outstanding ribs l6, It. The ribsit have the usual valleys l1 separating I the same.

- annular ribs.

In Figure 5 is shown a structure similar to Figure 4, but differingtherefrom in that the ribs are cut away and thus form segments insteadof In this figure, It indicates the body of the fastener having thepilot l9, and the ribs all of which are interrupted at 2|, 2!. Theopenings II in the length of the ribs leave them in the form ofsegments, corresponding to the structure seen in Figure 3 and diiferingtherefrom only in the presence of a greater number of the ribs.

Referring more particularly to Figure a6, the

usual driving head is provided on-the body of thepin, and'at theopposite end the usual pilot 23 with annular ribs 24, 24 disposedtransversely of the longitudinal axis of the pin and in numberssufiicient to extend from the pilot .2! to the head 22. Each rib 24,insteadof being formed with a flat or horizontal surface at its upperface, is provided with an inclined surface of an opposite inclination tothat of the under surface. Thus,

while the fastener seen in Figure 6 will function substantially thesameas the other structures shown, it possesses less capacity forresistance to a withdrawing strain, and, in fact, is intended to enablewithdrawal under suincient stress. Nevertheless th form of the ribs 24is such as to insure an oyerlap of the material engaged which willfirmly retain the fastener in position and resist a large amount ofwithdrawing stress.-

In the industrial art of fasteners of the hammer-driven type foranchorage in the harder metals, such as soft iron or soft steel, it hasheretofore been proposed to provide frictional engagement of a fastenerto metal work by forming ribs, threads or other projections outstandingfrom the body of a fastener and of suflicient- .ly soft material withrespect to the work to be gagement that for some purposes may besuccess.-

fully used, but does not give such an anchorage as will resist vibrationloosening or resist any sub stantial withdrawal stress. Whereas, bycontrast.

the present invention, involving as it does the concept and practice ofmodifying the contour of the material of the work without substantial orappreciable modification of the material of the fastener, causes thework to assume such a relation to the fastener that the fastener willnot vibrate loose and cannot ordinarily be pulled out withoutsevering-the overhanging material of the work or breaking the fastener;and in actual practice where the properly proportioned fastener isemployed with respect to a given aperture in the harder metals, such assoft iron and soft steel, the fastener having first been sufllcientlydriven into the work can not be withdrawn by any pulling force exertedon the headed end of the fastener,,but will, as indicated by innumerabletests, breakin two leaving the inner portion of the fastener anchored inthe work.

What is claimed is:

1. A fastener for metal work comprising a pinlike body having acylindrical pilot at its entering end and a non-spiral,circumferentially disposed outstanding rib having its entering faceinclined toward the pilot, the pilot having a flat entering end, and therib being hardened suillciently for entering metal work, such as softiron or soft steel, substantially without injury to the rib.

2. A hammer-driven fastener comprising a cylindrical pin-like bodyhaving a series of .circum ferentially disposed ribs eachhaving a faceinclined'toward the entering end of the body hardened sufiiciently forentering metal such as soft iron and soft steel, substantially with'outinjury to such face, and each of the ribs lying in planes intersectingthe axis of the body substantially at right angles, and each of saidribs being interrupted at a plurality of places to'form segments, theplaces of interruption of one rib being alined with those of theadjacent rib for exposing rounded portions of the body elongated in thedirection of the length of the body.

3. A fastener comprising a' pin-like body having a non-spiral,circumferentially extending anchoring rib, the rib being hardenedsuiliciently for entering metal work, such as soft iron or soft steel,substantially without injury to the rib.

4. A hammer-driven fastener comprising a pinlike body having a generallycircumferentiallyextending anchoring rib outstanding from the bodywith aface inclined toward the entering end of the body andthe rib beinghardened sufliciently and the pitch of the inclination of the said faceof the rib being such as to enable the rib to enter metal, such as softiron and soft steel, under the action of a hammer blow against the outerend of the body substantially without injury to the rib.

5. In the art of anchorage, the combination of the steps of flowingmaterial of work of the harder metals, such as soft iron or soft steel,substantially radially away from a pin body, and then flowing the saidmaterial substantially radially back toward the body to an overhangingposition.relative to the body of part thereof. i

6. In the art of anchorage, the combination of steps as claimed in claim5 with the step of conflningthe flowing material substantially againstlateral escape from the stresses occasioning the radial movements.

7. In the art of anchorage, the combination of steps as claimed in claim5 wherein the radial flowing of the material occurs at diametrically uopposite. places relative to the pin.

r nbodyhasa 8. In the finer anchorage. the combination of steps as cl edin claim 5 wherein the radial flowing of the material occurssubstantially at all points about the pin in at least one transverseplane thereof.

9. In the art of anchorage, the combination of steps as claimed in claim5 wherein the pin is located completely surrounded by the work materialto be thus flowed.

10. In the art of anchorage, anchoring a fastener to work comprising thecombination of the steps of encircling a fastener body with material ofwork of the harder metals, such as soft iron or soft steel, and flowingin a substantially unitary mass movement a continuous portion of saidmaterial surrounding the fastener first in a direction away from andthen toward the body of the fastener to an interlocked engagement withthe fastener.

11. In the art of anchorage of fasteners in the harder metals, such assoft iron and soft steel, the combination of the steps of inserting intoan opening in such metal work a pin-like fastener body having anoutstanding projection, the opening in the work being of as great orgreater cross section than the body of the fastener-and of less crosssection than the body and its outstanding projection, and deformingmaterial of the metal of'the work while retaining the projection sub-30' stantially against deformation while advancing the pin into the workuntil the projection reaches an anchored condition in the work resistingvibration loosening.

12. In the art of anchorage, the combination of the steps of the flowingmaterial of work of the harder metals. such as soft iron and soft steel,

' substantially radially away from a pin body, and then flowing the saidmaterial substantially radially back toward the body to an ov positionrelative to the bodyor part thereof, the flowed material comprising acontinuous, un-

broken undul'ation surrounding the pin body.

13. In the art of anchorage, forming a substantially cylindrical openingin metal work of the harder metals, such as soft iron or soft steel,introducing into said opening. the entering end of a substantiallycylindrical pin body, which circumferentially disposed rib outstandingfrom the body and vlying in planes intersecting the axis of the bodysubstantially at right angles, the rib having a face inclined toward theentering end of the pin body and hardened sufliciently for entering theharder metals, such as soft iron or soft steel, substantially withoutinjury to such face, the opening in the metal work being of greaterdiameter than the diameter of the pin body and less diameter than thediameter of the rib, and forcing the 3 pin body longitudinally into-thesufilpin body to accommodate ciently for causing the inclined face ofthe rib toengage and flow the material of the surround-v ing worksubstantially radially away from the the passage of the rib andthereafter causing return flow of material of said work to a positionoverhanging said rib.

14. In the art of anchorage, forming asubstantially cylindrical openingin metal work of the harder metals. such as soft iron or soft steel.introducing into said opening the entering end of a substantiallycylindrical pin body, which pin body has a circumferentially disposedrib outstanding from the body and lying in planes intersecting the axisof the body substantially at right angles, the rib having a faceinclined toward the entering end of the pin body andhardenedsufficiently for entering the harder metals, such as soft iron or softsteel, substantially without injury to such face, the opening in themetal work being of greater diameter than the diameter of the pin bodyand less diameter than the diameter of the rib, and forcing the pin bodylongitudinally into the opening suillcientiy for causing the inclinedface of the rib to engage and flow the material of the surrounding worksubstantially radially 2 away from the pin body to accommodate thepassage of the rib. and thereafter causing return flow of material ofsaid work to a position overhanging said rib, the rib being continuousand uninterrupted, and the flowed metal of the work beingjmilarlyuninterrupted.

15. In the art of anchorage. forming a substantially cylindrical openingin metal work, of the harder metals, such as soft iron or soft steel,introducing into said a substantially cylindrical pin body, which pinbody has a circumferentially disposed rib outstanding from the body andlying in planes intersecting the axis of the body substantially at rightangles, the rib having the entering end of the pin body and hardenedsufficiently for entering the harder metals, such.

opening the entering end of 35 4 a face inclined toward 0 as soft ironor soft steel, substantially without inv opening in the metal work rib,the said rib being inbetween the spaced ends BEYMAN e diameter than thediameter of substantially 50 of said work to a posi- 1 a longitudinalridge in the 5

